The independence of Brazil began after a series of political and military events that led the Kingdom of Brazil to separate from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It is celebrated on 7 September, the date in 1822 when prince regent Pedro of Braganza, beside the Ipiranga brook, declared independence from Portugal – a declaration that became known as the Cry of Ipiranga. Formal recognition by Portugal came with the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, signed in 1825.