In anthropology, first contact is the first meeting of two communities previously without contact with one another. Notable examples of first contact are those between the Norse and Native North Americans circa 1000 CE, the Spanish Empire and the Arawak in 1492; and the Aboriginal Australians with Europeans in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived in Sydney. Such contact is sometimes described as a "discovery", such as the British and United States did by creating the legal theory of the "Doctrine of Discovery".

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