The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73/74 CE), also known as the War of Destruction, the Great Jewish Revolt, the First Jewish Revolt, or the Jewish War, was the first of three major Jewish rebellions against the Roman Empire. Fought in the province of Judaea, it resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Jewish Temple, mass displacement, land appropriation, and the dissolution of the Jewish polity. Judaea, once independent under the Hasmoneans, fell to the Roman Republic in the first century BCE. Initially a client kingdom, it later became a directly ruled province, marked by the rule of oppressive governors, socioeconomic divides, nationalist aspirations, and rising religious and ethnic tensions.

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